Post-harvest management of apple
After the apple harvest, a growth peak is expected. The shoots still have 30 to 40 days of active growth, during which flower bud differentiation continues and the shoots gradually accumulate nutrients. At this stage, it's essential to focus on basal fertilization, foliar spraying, and autumn pruning. These practices help increase the tree's nutrient levels and cell concentration, promoting better fruiting, flowering, and the early development of new shoots.
1. Apply basal fertilizer immediately after the early harvest of Shiji apples. This ensures timely absorption by Hunchun, helping prevent frost damage in the root zone. Young trees should be fertilized in an annular groove around the planting pit, with organic fertilizer applied annually from the outer edge. Trench application or garden-wide application is common, with both methods alternated every other year. Trace elements can also be added as needed.
2. After harvesting, leaves continue to perform photosynthesis, so protecting them is crucial. In autumn, spray 0.5% urea and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Spraying young shoots with potassium dihydrogen phosphate helps prevent excessive nutrient draw. Trees severely damaged by pests or diseases should be treated with a growth regulator to protect their health.
3. Pest and disease control is critical in the later season. Neglecting it can lead to significant leaf loss, affecting fruit yield and quality. Spraying every two weeks using diflubenzuron (1500–2000 times dilution) or abamectin (3000 times dilution) can effectively manage pest populations.
4. Autumn pruning involves continuing to pull branches, remove the tip, and angle the main branches to 70–80 degrees. Auxiliary and leggy branches can be pruned or bent to 90 degrees. By early September, all the leading shoots on the main branches and extension branches should be cut back to the young part of the shoot. This helps thin out dense, crossing, leggy, and diseased branches, while the remaining ones are pulled horizontally.
5. For young apple trees, ineffective or low-yielding trees, dig a ring trench 15–30 cm deep around the base of the tree, then apply a diluted solution of paclobutrazol evenly into the trench and cover with soil. This helps regulate growth and improve fruiting.
6. Deep plowing and weeding, along with proper basal fertilization, improves soil structure and promotes nutrient cycling. Remove weeds and any plant debris, including insect-infested branches and leaves, and burn them to eliminate pests and reduce disease sources for the next season. This practice ensures a healthier orchard environment for future growth.
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