Greenhouse grapes interplanting tomatoes cabbage benefits

In recent years, we have implemented an effective greenhouse intercropping system by planting tomatoes and cabbages between grape rows. This method has proven to be highly profitable. In mid to late August, tomato plants are placed between the grape vines, harvested in early November and again in January. Calculating at 3 yuan per kilogram, the yield reaches 5,000 kilograms per mu, resulting in a net income of 15,000 yuan. If another type of kale is grown instead, the yield can reach 2,000 kilograms per mu, with a price of 2 yuan per kilogram, giving an income of 40,000 yuan. After harvesting the cabbage, the grapes begin to sprout and are ready for harvest in early June. The yield per mu is around 2,200 kilograms, priced at 10 yuan per kilogram, leading to an income of 22,000 yuan. Combined, the three crops generate a total income of 41,000 yuan. Below are the detailed techniques used in this system: First, grape cultivation: 1. **Variety Selection**: We grow Jingya grapes, which are well-suited for greenhouse conditions. 2. **Planting Layout**: The grapes are planted in a 1-ridge, 2-row configuration, with 20 plants per ridge and 10 per row. Spacing is 0.5 meters between plants and 1 meter between rows. A north-south hedgerow layout is used. Each acre is enriched with 5–7 cubic meters of sheep manure, along with appropriate phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The planting trench is filled evenly with soil and watered to ensure good root establishment. 3. **Temperature and Humidity Management**: During germination, the temperature is gradually increased. Daytime temperatures range from 15°C to 20°C, while nighttime temperatures are between 10°C and 15°C, never dropping below 3°C. As the vines develop, temperatures rise to 20°C–25°C during the day and 15°C at night, with a minimum of 5°C. Humidity is kept above 80% before germination and reduced to about 60% during shoot growth. Flowering requires 20°C during the day and 5°C–10°C at night, with humidity maintained at 50%. Fruit development needs 20°C–25°C during the day and 15°C–20°C at night, with humidity around 70%. During fruit coloring, temperatures should be 20°C–30°C during the day and 16°C–18°C at night, with humidity between 70% and 80%. 4. **Pruning**: A single-arm horizontal pruning technique is commonly used. Seedlings are spaced 1 meter apart, and after sprouting, a strong new shoot is selected, with the base tips up to 50–60 cm removed. Leaves are pruned to leave 2–6 leaves on the auxiliary shoots. Winter pruning involves cutting back main vines to 1.5–1.6 cm. The following year, the main vines are tied 50–60 cm above the ground, with 4–5 new shoots left per vine. This process is repeated annually to maintain a healthy structure. Other management practices follow standard procedures. Second, tomato cultivation: After the grapes are harvested, tomatoes are planted between the rows to maximize economic returns. 1. **Planting and Care**: In mid-August, high-quality organic fertilizer (5,000 kg per mu) is applied. A small sorghum ridge 60 cm wide and 10 cm high is created in a north-south direction. Tomato seedlings are planted 30 cm apart, with 15 plants per ridge and 30 per row, totaling 1,800 plants per mu. Once the plants grow, the first fruit is top-dressed with water, followed by 15 kg of urea or 1,500 kg of human waste per acre. Two weeks later, another dose of 15 kg of urea is applied. 2. **Temperature Control**: After planting, the temperature is kept as high as possible to help the seedlings establish. No ventilation is needed if it stays under 30°C. During the day, the temperature should be 20°C–25°C, and 15°C at night. Before exposure, the temperature is lowered to about 10°C to promote flower bud formation. During the fruiting stage, daytime temperatures should be 20°C–25°C, with nighttime temperatures between 7°C–10°C and a ground temperature of 18°C–20°C, ensuring a minimum of 13°C. Other management follows conventional methods. Third, cabbage cultivation: In January, after the tomatoes are harvested, cabbages are immediately planted. 1. **Variety Selection**: We use the early-maturing variety Zhong Gan No. 11. Seedlings are raised in January and transplanted in February. 2. **Planting**: Before planting, 5,000 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied per mu, and the soil is deeply tilled to 30 cm. Ridges are made 1 meter wide and 6 meters long, with a ditch in the center for irrigation. Plants are spaced 40 cm apart within the rows and 35 cm between rows. Other management follows standard greenhouse cabbage practices. Author: Jiaorui Lian

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