Fertilizer utilization in China has a big gap compared with developed countries. Fertilizer utilization remains to be improved

Fan Xiaojian, the Deputy Minister of Agriculture, highlighted on the 16th that China's fertilizer prices have surged significantly since last year, with an average increase of over 20%, and remain at a high level. He pointed out that one of the main reasons for this situation is the imperfection of China's scientific fertilization system, which leads to a large gap in the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers compared to developed countries. Many aspects of fertilizer production, sales, and application are not aligned with the goals of building a resource-saving and environmentally friendly society. This statement was made during a seminar titled "Scientific Fertilization and Fertilizer Enterprises" organized by the Ministry of Agriculture. Fan noted that in 2004, China used 46.37 million tons of fertilizers, making it the world's largest consumer. However, the efficiency of fertilizer use remains low. Five key factors are hindering the development of a scientific fertilization system in China: First, high production costs and energy consumption. Many fertilizer companies are small-scale and lack industrial concentration. Over 20% of the more than 2,500 licensed compound fertilizer producers operate with annual outputs of less than 20,000 tons. Second, the structure of fertilizer types is unreasonable. In 2004, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in chemical fertilizer production was 1:0.30:0.06. While nitrogen fertilizer is self-sufficient and phosphate fertilizer meets domestic demand, potassium fertilizer faces shortages due to limited resources. The NPK ratio does not fully meet agricultural needs. Although compound fertilizers have seen rapid growth, most are general-purpose, with few tailored formulas for different soils and crops, leading to imbalanced nutrient ratios. Third, the fertilizer market lacks effective regulation. Despite government policies aimed at supporting the industry, rising fertilizer prices have negated the benefits of previous subsidies, reducing farmers' enthusiasm for grain production and affecting their income. Fourth, fertilizer use is often irrational. There is a common imbalance in application, such as excessive use of chemical fertilizers and insufficient organic ones, heavy use of nitrogen and phosphate but little potassium, and overuse of major nutrients while neglecting micronutrients. Farmers often apply fertilizers without understanding soil conditions or crop needs, leading to overuse and inefficiency. Fifth, fertilizer management lacks legal support. With no clear regulations on product access, sales, and usage, the market is chaotic, with fake and substandard products widespread. Misleading labeling and deceptive practices are common, harming consumers. Fan emphasized that scientific fertilization is crucial not only for agriculture and farmer income but also for the fertilizer industry's long-term development. Enterprises must take the lead in this new system, promoting innovation, improving technology, and ensuring compliance with laws. Sales companies should guarantee quality and provide proper application guidance, while also focusing on research and development to meet the evolving needs of the market.

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