A New Generation of Cellular Internet of Things Hot Technologies Comparative Analysis

1 Introduction

With the rapid development of the Internet and mobile Internet, the Internet of things ushered in the outbreak. As a result, the demand for massive and diversified connectivity is also driven by the advent of a new ecosystem of intelligent, all-in-one devices that are networked by cellular technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) based on LTE technology is a new IoT technology that brings many advantages to IoT applications, including extensive and deepened network coverage, predictable quality of service, high reliability, stable end-to-end security and global standards support The seamless interoperability will bring more opportunities for the Internet of Things.

2 The standard formation of eMTC and NB-IoT

LTE has formed a complete IoT standard sequence to meet various IoT requirements that cover data rates, costs and power consumption from high to low.

3GPP has been the Internet of Things as an important evolution of LTE direction. In the first version of LTE, R8, in addition to terminal classes such as Cat3, Cat4 and Cat5 for broadband multimedia applications, Cat1 with an upstream peak rate of only 5 Mbit / s can be used for "low-rate" application. In the early stage of LTE development, Cat1 was not the concern of the industry, with the gradual popularization of wearable devices, it gradually attracted the attention of the industry. Because the Cat1 terminal needs to use two antennas, it is still "too demanding" for wearable devices with extremely high volume sensitivity. Therefore, in practice, only one antenna is generally provided.

In R12 / R13, 3GPP has further optimized the Internet of Things for many times. The first is to add a new terminal level Cat0 to R12, abandoning the support for MIMO, reducing to half duplex, reducing the peak rate to 1 Mbit / s and reducing the terminal complexity to 40% of the normal LTE terminal, initially reaching the Internet of Things The cost requirements. Cat0 terminal channel bandwidth down to 1.4MHz, but the RF receive bandwidth is still 20MHz. As a result, 3GPP R13 Cat1 grade in the new terminal, the channel bandwidth and RF receive bandwidth are 1.4MHz, the terminal further reduce the complexity. Therefore, the industry generally believe that Cat0 is a transitional version, Cat M1 is really applicable to the Internet of Things terminal type. Cat M1 corresponds to the LTE IoT technology also known as Enhanced Machine Type Communication (eMTC).

The 3GPP also added a new terminal type (Cat NB-1) for IoT applications such as lower-cost, lower-cost, longer battery life for long-distance meter reading in the R13 as well as the NB- IoT) standard. The NB-IoT features narrower bandwidth, single 3.75kHz uplink transmission mode and extended DRX cycle to further reduce power consumption and improve coverage.

3 eMTC and NB-IoT technical comparison

Typical LTE IoT endpoint types include Cat4, Cat1, Cat0, CatM1, and NB-IoT, which cover a wide range of IoT requirements for data rates, costs, and power consumption, resulting in a complete product Sequence, forming effective competition for existing IoT technologies such as ZigBee and Wi-Fi. Table 1 shows the comparison of various LTE Internet of Things technologies.

Table 1 Comparison of various LTE Internet of Things technology

eMTC is optimized for both existing LTE technology and architecture. Using LTE in-band deployment, TDD and FDD support two ways. eMTC and LTE work together in the same frequency band, and the base stations uniformly allocate resources and share some control channels. As a result, operators can deploy eMTCs directly within the existing LTE band without the need to allocate separate spectrum.

NB-IoT is a new design for IoT features. There are 3 modes: LTE band, guard band and independent deployment. At present, only FDD mode is supported. NB-IoT more independent, with a complete set of solutions. NB-IoT uses LTE in-band and guardband deployment modes to share spectrum with LTE. When deployed in stand-alone mode, NB-IoT requires separate spectrum resources. 3GPP will continue to enhance and optimize NB-IoT in subsequent releases. The main contents include support for positioning (E-CID, OTDOA / UTDOA), support for multicasting (SC-PTM mode), non-anchor PRB enhancement, Sexual, business continuity, low power type UE and TDD way.

4 eMTC and NB-IoT industry chain development

With the development of mobile internet of things, manufacturers such as mobile systems and terminal chips in the world have accelerated the research and development of eMTC and NB-IoT, and actively carried out the industrial layout of the narrowband Internet of Things.

NB-IoT and eMTC standards have been fully frozen from Q3 to Q4 in 2016. As IOT technology program is relatively simple, the industrialization process will be shortened, the technical threshold is also reduced accordingly. Currently, the international mainstream system manufacturers and chip companies have invested in NB-IoT and eMTC product development. Overall, NB-IoT's industrialization slightly faster progress.

eMTCs and NB-IoTs can largely re-use existing LTE network infrastructures. By investing a small amount of equipment, the network can support future NB-IoTs and eMTCs without the need to rebuild a new network.

For most on-net system devices, the wireless side supports eMTC and NB-IoT by upgrading base stations. The traditional core network can directly support eMTC. To support the NB-IoT function, the core network needs to be upgraded. There are two solutions for upgrading the core network to support the NB-IoT function: one is the control plane optimization solution and the other is the user plane optimization solution. The control plane optimization solution uses the control plane (included in the NAS message) to transmit small data packets without establishing air interface and core network data connection (user plane bearer), but introduces a new functional entity C-SGN. User plane optimization scheme transmits small data packets on the user plane. The air interface and the core network need to set up data bearers for small data services without introducing new functional entities. For now, operators are more inclined to control surface optimization programs.

5 eMTC and NB-IoT market applications

The application scenario of the Internet of Things can be roughly divided into three categories. One is the monitoring service represented by the car networking, with a transmission rate of about 10 Mbit / s, representing LTE-V; and the second is interactive and cooperative services represented by wearables , The transmission rate is less than 1Mbit / s, on behalf of the technology eMTC, LTE Cat1, etc .; third is to remote meter reading as the representative of the data acquisition services, the transmission rate of less than 100Kbit / s, on behalf of technology NB-IoT, Lora and SigFox.

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